Well,
I'm no piston head but I love a good mystery so.....
I'll guess (I always do).
It looks like a diaphragm used on a CV carb. The 2 CV (upside down in photo) hints at this. I didn't know they used CV type carbs on outboards and I don't know if this is really one but.....
Looky here- #10 maybe
http://www.yamahaoutboardmotorpart.com/ ... _-_2002%29My experience with CV carbs are from motorcycles and the diaphragm controls a needle that moves the slide in relation to the change in pressure that occurs when the actual throttle moves the butterfly valve. Your photo doesn't look like the carbs I'm used to in the motorcycle world but I'm thinking this is the part you may be looking for.....
Good luck.
EDIT: Wing's pump idea makes more sense. Looks like it somehow is pushed by the throttle but is hard to make out.
Bet that link is what you're looking for.
EDIT (yet again): When you follow the exploded view, it appears to work some sort of check valve and probably allows extra fuel to enter the intake stream. I'd say Wing's got it.